Islam is categorized as which of the following?

Islam is categorized as ethical theism because it is based on the belief in a personal, transcendent God who provides moral guidance and is involved in human affairs. Ethical theism acknowledges the existence of God while emphasizing moral principles that prescribe how individuals should act in accordance with divine will. In Islam, this is embodied in the teachings of the Quran and the Hadith, which outline ethical behavior, responsibilities to others, and the importance of living a life in submission to God’s will.

This categorization differs from the other options. For instance, philosophical naturalism denies the existence of any supernatural beings and bases knowledge solely on empirical evidence, which contrasts with Islam's belief in God. Agnosticism reflects uncertainty regarding the existence of God, rejecting both belief and disbelief, while Islam is firmly rooted in the belief in one God. Secular humanism emphasizes human values and concerns without reference to the divine, which is also at odds with Islamic teachings that prioritize spiritual and religious obligations.